Sunset over Earth oceans as seen from the International Space Station.
When Earth is Closest and Farthest from the Sun in 2025
Earth reaches perihelion on January 4, 2025, and aphelion on July 3, 2025. Find out what these celestial terms mean and why they matter!
What Are Aphelion and Perihelion?
The terms perihelion and aphelion describe different points in our planet’s orbit of the Sun. This can also apply to other planets, comets, or bodies.
- Aphelion is the point of the Earth’s orbit that is farthest away from the Sun. It always happens in early July, about 2 weeks after the June solstice,
- Perihelion is the point of the Earth’s orbit that is nearest to the Sun. This always happens in early January, about 2 weeks after the December Solstice.
The words come from ancient Greek, in which helios means “Sun,” apo means “far,” and peri means “close.”
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(Did You Know: The point in the Moon’s orbit that is closest to the Earth is called the perigee, and the point farthest from the Earth is known as the apogee. Learn about perigee and apogee.)
Aphelion and Perihelion Dates for 2025 and 2026
- 2025 Perihelion: January 4, 2025 8:28 A.M.
- 2025 Aphelion: July 3, 2025 3:54 P.M.
- 2026 Perihelion: January 3, 2026 12:15 pm
- 2026 Aphelion: July 6, 2026 1:30 pm
In 2025, Earth will be 91,405,993 miles away from the Sun at perihelion and 94,502,939 miles away from the Sun at aphelion. So, Earth is about 4,800,000 km (3,000,000 miles) farther from the Sun in July than in January.
Do Aphelion and Perihelion Cause the Seasons?
It’s not the distance from the Sun that causes our seasons. Seasons happen because the Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle. It’s because Earth orbits the Sun on a tilt that our planet gets more or less of the Sun’s direct rays at different times of the year. Read more about the reason for the seasons!
Aphelion and Perihelion on Mars
Though aphelion and perihelion are terms mostly used in reference to Earth since it’s our home planet, they are also relevant to other planets orbiting the Sun. Every planet has points in their orbits when they are farthest or closest away from their star.
For example, the planet Mars has an even more elliptical orbit than Earth. In comparison, Earth’s orbit seems almost circular; this almost-circular orbit may be why Earth’s climate is relatively stable.
Mars also has four seasons, but they are twice as long because it takes about 2 Earth years for Mars to go around the Sun. The southern hemisphere of Mars has warmer, shorter springs and summers than the north, as Mars is closest to the Sun, which is towards the end of southern spring. The southern winter is longer because Mars is farthest away from the Sun, moving more slowly in its elliptical orbit around the Sun.
For Mars, going from a colder winter to a warmer spring can be quite dramatic.
While Earth’s distance to the Sun varies throughout its orbit, with aphelion in July and perihelion in January, this variation isn’t the main driver of our seasons. The tilt of the Earth’s axis is the key factor. However, understanding aphelion and perihelion helps us appreciate the complexities of planetary motion and how even slight variations in orbit can influence climates.
Did you learn something new today? Or perhaps, do you understand aphelion and perihelion a bit better?
Catherine Boeckmann
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im not the simulation type..
my Daughter is the Moon Godess. And im God..
Glad theres no shortage of water anyways.
Aphelion is afar, the Earth is further away from the sun.
Perehelion is Pretty Close, the Earth is closer to the Sun .
Great way to remember it!
How I remember the difference in the two words is that I think of apogee as being similar to the word apology…. And the sun is apologizing to the earth for being so far away!
That's adorable! I'll use that to remember, too.
In Xhosa and Zulu. . . .(Zulu means Heaven. . .do they speak Zulu in Heaven??) apho means THERE. . . .far away!!! So the sun is apho. . ..in July!
Near is "apha". .. .but when near. . ..Sun does not need to speak. . .can feel it
That’s a clever idea, Mary Beth. Thanks for sharing!
If the Earth is closest to the sun in January, why do we have winter at this time of year in the northern hemisphere and summer in the southern? Would it have anything to do with the tilt of Earth, implying the southern hemisphere is closer to the sun in January than the northern?
Yes, it’s all about the tilt! During the Northern Hemisphere’s winter, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, but during summer, it’s tilted towards the Sun.
Thanks for the explanation! So if the northern hemisphere’s summer falls during aphelion, while the Southern summer falls during perihelion, does that mean northern summers and winters are more temperate than those of the Southern hemisphere?
